Friday 29 December 2017

A Story for Christmas: The Christmas Missive


 Brian Fernandes   ¦     Dec 24, 2017 11:48:04 AM (IST)
A Story for Christmas: The Christmas Missive-1It was on the Sunday before Christmas that I saw the note, crunched and spotted with what seemed like red ink. I saw it in the waste bin after I had finished setting up the Christmas tree.
The bin was by the tree, where I had put it to dispose of the decoration waste after fetching it from the rear veranda where it usually sat. It was a covered bin and the black plastic bin liner was peeping out from under the cover. I had almost finished the task – it had taken longer than usual as I had no help this year – and barring disposal of the waste, I was done. It was well after sunset – around Eight O Clock I’d say - and in keeping with the festive season I was impatient to imbue the Christmas Spirit.
Setting up the Christmas tree was both an obsession and my joy every year. I had been doing it since I was a child and never let go of the tradition. It gave me a sense of joy and festivity that perhaps the abstract thought of a Child, even a special Child, being born in Bethlehem could not bring. It was through that tree, whether it was an old tattered one or the brand new one we had bought last year that I rejoiced in the birth of Jesus. More than that, the Christmas tree brought the family together for an occasional sing song or a chit chat in the week before and after Christmas and as we sat around the tree and the crib below it, I somehow felt at peace with myself and others.
In so far as it was my obsession, it was always up to me to set up the Christmas tree before I got married and after. My wife Evelyn (Evie for nearly 26 years now) was supportive in this endeavour, but never very helpful. She observed from afar, going about keeping the house spic and span in anticipation of Christmas. I was comfortable with that now after many years, because our only son was always part of my Christmas capers!
Shannon was always my aide-de-camp for a variety of Christmas endeavours from baking to roasting to cleaning - despite his busy schedule of studies and parties. Last year was especially good - we had a great time doing things together, probably the best time since he was little wanna be Sachin Tendulkar - as he was between college and a job.
With memories of yester year flooding my mind, and the craving for the spirit of the season crowding them in, my mind was in a state of flux. I knew I had to clean up before my wife wandered in from the kitchen. Evie was a stickler for neatness and in her present state of mind I knew would harangue me for even the slightest deviation in this regard.. . I gathered the debris - the fallen leaves, blobs of cotton, torn wrapping paper, pieces of twine, the extra sand of the crib, the broken decorations and statuettes - rolled them into an old tired newspaper and went towards the bin lying near the tree to dump it in. I placed my leg on the bin's cover pedal and it opened.
I was about to throw in the rolled up garbage when I saw it... A crunched piece of paper, flecked in red lying at the bottom of the bin. I noticed it immediately because Evie had just changed the bin's plastic liner and the bin was empty. The red on black was a marked contrast and stood out even in my crowded mind.
I bent over and picked it up. Still conscious of what I would have to face if I did not clean up my mess quickly - You develop this sixth sense after many years of marriage and it was especially acute recently - I held it in my left hand and dumped the garbage in with my right, my leg on the pedal till it went right in. Then boom the cover came down with a thud, heard in the kitchen.
I carried the bin back to where it belonged minus the crunched up note. The Christmas lights and the guiding star had begun to twinkle and Christmas was in the air. But I was afraid. Why, I was not sure. I had not felt this way in a long long time.
"David", my wife called just then as she saw me passing the kitchen door. “Yea, coming” I shouted back and hurried on to the back veranda and deposited the bin. I quickly put the piece of paper into my pant pocket and turned and rushed back inside, eager to cover my apprehension. The scrappy piece of paper was beginning burn a hole in my pocket and in my mind. Why was I being so paranoid I wondered?
She was in the kitchen, cutting up fish for the freezer and our future. “Evelyn, what? “I shouted again 500 meters from the kitchen door. There was no answer – I always used her full name when I was displeased or interrupted or prevented from doing something I had set my mind on doing. In the instant case it was opening out the scrappy piece of paper I had found in the bin, I screamed half way to the kitchen, what do you want? I wanted to avoid a face to face conversation, worried that my face would display my apprehension - I was very expressive that way. I was the guy who could cry at the movie theatre. However, since there was no answer, I had no choice but to enter the kitchen screaming “Whaaat?” not realising I had screamed. This irritated her no end. She shouted back “why can’t you speak softly? “Because you can’t hear” I shouted back.
I quickly realised this conversation would go nowhere. It was the beginning of many such conversations we had been having in the recent past.
Not that such instances were absent previously, but we always made light of it in a short while. These episodes had been going on for some time now.
I still remember the day the fairy tale unravelled.
That fateful day in September, I returned from work as usual – mentally preparing for another monotonous and routine evening. But it was not to be. Evie was at front door waiting to greet me - something she had not done recently, presuming perhaps that as our marriage progressed, I would find my own way in. I was happy at the return to what I thought were days of yore, but the moment I saw her face, I knew something was wrong – She looked tense and her eyes were teary, not in an obvious way, but it was evident to the experienced eye and certainly mine was an experienced eye!
She gave me the bad news – “Shannon has some rashes and fever and is very listless. He is very weak” Has he eaten I asked. “No not since his breakfast which itself he left half eaten”
I went in and found him lying on the sofa watching a movie on TV. His eyes were half shut. He was hot to the touch and had a rash across both his hands. I didn’t think much of it and thought it might be an allergic reaction, but became alarmed when I recalled that Evie had said he had not eaten the whole day.
He was weak and listless like Evie said, unlike I had ever seen him anytime recently. I quietly left him and went into the kitchen. My wife followed me. In my heart I knew it was something serious and I told her so. We decided to go to the nearest hospital immediately – our presumption was that an injection and a bottle of drips would sort the problem out. We were dead wrong.
Three days later he was dead, our only son, a joy when he was born, and a joy just before he passed away in my wife's arms. She was inconsolable as was I.
Last month he would have turned 23.
As a couple, as parents, we were broken for he was the love and fun factor of our family. A happy go lucky guy with a strong sense of humour, and always the life of a party! Indeed his life giving skills were much sought after for survival! Still, he was conscious of his goals if not conscientious about them and fulfilled them his own way, but fulfil them he did and we respected him for that and it never qualified our love and in turn he loved us for that.
Everything we did was for him. He was the biggest part of our lives – even when he was not around. In turn, many occasions taught us that we were a big part of his life too in the most unobtrusive way - When we were unwell, in distress or in conflict, he was as disturbed as we were, but discreetly.
The funeral was a blur and never registered in our conscious memories. He was still alive for us. But it seemed that we were dead.
Evelyn
Evelyn felt depressed. She was getting used to the melancholic feeling invading her being and plaguing her every waking hour ever since Shannon went away. She still believed he was out on one of his numerous outings with his friends - He would come home late at night and wake up late, especially during his hols from college and work, and then disappear again. But just the fact that he existed would console her at such times. She had loved him with all her heart and now that he had gone away, her heart was no longer in her life. It had become mechanical, much like the engine of a car – As long as it is on it whirrs away.
As Evelyn kept her hands busy, her mind drifted,
Her husband was understanding - as understanding as he could be in the circumstances. He was smarting inside – She could tell from his irritability and his increased affinity to the bottle - it only increased in intensity as Christmas approached.
Evelyn was tired. Tired of life itself. On the one side she was trying to cope with life without her son for the sake of her husband, while on the other he was drifting away from her. No longer his gregarious self, he too was wallowing in self-pity, and him hitting the bottle to combat his grief, the way he was doing it – it was the last straw on the camel’s back.
The only way she knew how to deal with her grief was to give him grief, day after day and night after night. Nothing he did would ever be right. He could never replace her loss, no matter how much he tried and he tried – being useful around the house, gentle with her in word and deed and giving her hugs and holds when he felt she needed them. But her loss defined her acceptance. Denial was better, it was safer.
She went on the offensive. She went overboard with taunts and it was not because she didn’t love him anymore - she still did - but she didn’t care anymore. Ah yes! That was the difference she thought. She was beyond caring, beyond feeling, beyond healing. She had done that all her life - caring for others - her son, her husband, her family his family, her friends, his friends - she was the glue that stuck them together, the one they would call when they needed advice, the one that one could depend on in any situation. She was the strong one.
But she had one secret she had not revealed to anyone. So little did they know that she drew a lot of strength from her husband, from his sane advice, but now the effect of both were waning, He had begun to drown his sorrows in the bottle and started withdrawing from conversations with her - to the outside world he still put up a brave face, but to her, he was a broken record, that she believed could never ever be fixed and certainly she didn’t care enough to try.
Her thoughts revolved around the loss of her son, her plans for and with him, and the empty future she faced without him. Her husband was no longer in her picture and staying strong for others, was a no brainer – She longed for comfort, rebutting every effort by anyone strongly, fearing she would have to accept her loss.
She began to suppress her feelings, trying to portray strength and calmness as was expected of her, but her effort manifested itself in taunts, silences and cold wars at home and crying spells among her friends - She had a few and they did their best to give her the strength and comfort she needed - but it was transient. At home she felt lonely like a single island in a big ocean.
By the time December began, the month of joy, the joy was totally and absolutely absent in both of them. The bickering, the drinking and the fights only got worse. 
She did not even look up when David entered the kitchen to fulfil his spiritual fervour for the night. Her eyes had begun to fill up.
David
I left the kitchen in a huff, picking up my Vodka bottle, a glass and some ice from the ice tray in the fridge on the way. Evie continued to clean the fish, not bothering to look up. I went to the veranda, and sat down near the Christmas tree basking in its twinkling lights and poured a double, added the ice, a dash of lime, took in two quick sips and stared vacantly at the crib as if hoping for some sort of divine intervention in our lives.
The paper was still burning a hole in my pocket and in my mind – Why I still could not fathom. It seemed like an ordinary paper with some writing on it possibly thrown away while Evelyn was cleaning the house. But something was out of kilt. I could feel it in my bones. She would never but never soil a new bin liner with a single piece of paper when she could well have thrown it away in the previous one, which had become full. She was very meticulous that way.
I did try to reason with myself, that she might have been too lazy and to open the now tied disposal bag, throw it in and knot it up again – but couldn’t reconcile to the fact. There was one other thing. There were dark brown stains on the paper – why my mind instantaneously pictured dried blood I couldn’t fathom unless it was a remanent of the nightmare I had almost daily since Shannon had died. The nightmare had a lot of blood – mainly pouring out of Shannon’s nostrils and mouth on the last day of his life.
After Shannon died, I had tried to remain strong for Evelyn, despite my own grief. I tried to hold her when she cried, - she pushed me away. Tried to tell her to think positively, when I myself struggled with the word and I failed – “Keep your positive thoughts to yourself, she would say. “Look at you drowning your sorrows in liquor and trying to lecture me”, was another of her favourite lines.
I stayed away from work for almost three months doing almost everything around the house, but she would not let me do that too – she wanted to keep herself busy, and I was at a loose end. I decided to return to work sooner than later. I was scared to leave her alone, when all she wanted me to do was just that. After a while I gave up trying to play healer, and found my own solace – Vodka.
Lost in thoughts, I was near the bottom of my glass when I removed the paper from my pant pocket and carefully opened it. It was badly creased and the writing was a little wobbly, but unmistakably it was Evelyn’s handwriting - the slightly left sloping rounded letters were distinctive. Lest I spoil the ambient and calming effect of the lit Christmas tree by putting on the light to read the handwriting, I used my mobile’s torch to read the note. I noticed that the hand writing covered about three- fourth’s of the page
My eyes skimmed the page in the harsh glare of the mobile torchlight….
My dearest dearest David,
I ‘m confused. Of late we have grown apart emotionally and mentally. I blame myself. I love you still, as much as I loved you when I married you, but I loved our only son more perhaps. His sudden loss, is something I cannot reconcile to. I’ve tried, taken the advice of so many to heart, even yours, though you may not believe it so, given that I’ve pushed you out of my way or ignored you as much as possible, or it may seem that way to you.
The emotional bond with Shannon was so strong, born of a difficult conception, a difficult pregnancy and then a difficult labour that I cannot let go of him though I am grounded in the reality that he is gone. Is it an excuse for me to shy away from living as many have suggested? I don’t know and I really don’t care. That single emotion of undeserved loss is eating at my insides like I’m worm infested and I believe that no amount of medicine, not sleeping tablets, nor any other kind will help me fill that void..
The vodka drifted quickly to my feet, which now had become wooden. My eyes welled – I was an emotional guy and a sucker for tragedy and loss stories. Only this was not a story. It was real. The blood was real. My blood froze, my thoughts froze. But I continued reading – there was not much else I could think of doing – I wanted to see where this was going.
David, I know that you feel the loss as much as I do, and you have taken it very hard. You tried to be strong for me, when I should have been strong for you. My past and my friends always led me to believe that I had the strength, but all the accolades and all my self-belief, collapsed with Shannon. Maybe your grief, maybe my behaviour, pushed you to drink more than you should – whatever your excuse is, it’s yours – I may have a part in it, and if I do I’m sorry.
Christmas is approaching and the togetherness we shared as a family for the last 25 years or so will be missing and I can’t bear it. I thought you would not take out the Christmas tree this year, and when you did, I went numb. I cannot share Christmas with you alone this year in the absence of Shannon
Bye
Love always
Evie
I went numb. I dropped the note, got up and ran to the kitchen, knocking down the vodka bottle in the process. It shattered, but I didn’t care.
Evie was still cleaning the fish at the kitchen sink. She had a knife in her hands. I stood in the doorway and looked at her. I couldn’t control myself. I went up to her and put my arms around her from behind. I didn’t say anything. She stopped what she was doing but didn’t turn around. I kissed her on her neck and said “Merry Christmas. Let’s go for Mass together. Let us remember our times with Shanon together. Let’s share our pain. We have only each other. That’s what Shannon would have us do. He enjoyed seeing us together”.
I wasn’t sure of how she would react. I had not measured my words. My outburst was spontaneous and genuine, born out of the angst of her missive. Suddenly it dawned on me she wanted me to find it. She was crying out for help.
Unexpectedly she dropped the knife, turned and put her arms around me, rested her face on my chest and cried her heart out. She had never done that before, not even when Shannon had passed away in her arms. I cried too, and as she wiped the tears from my eyes with her fingers stained with raw fish, I noticed the plaster on her finger and the blood stains on it.
I knew then it would be a joyful Christmas, because our child had revived our faith in each other from up above – We would once again sit around the Christmas tree basking its peaceful glow.
Disclaimer: This is a work of fiction. Names, characters, businesses, places, events and incidents are either the products of the author’s imagination or used in a fictitious manner. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, or actual events is purely coincidental.


Satire: The week that was Dec 17 to 23


 Brian Fernandes   ¦     Dec 23, 2017 11:04:39 AM (IST)
NK Satire: The week that was Dec 17 to 23-1 
“Laughter is an instant vacation.” said Milton Berle. Here at NK, we would like to contribute to lightening your mood in preparation for a meaningful and relaxed weekend. So here's a tongue- in-cheek look at the events of the week gone by that you’ve been waiting for :)
Victimised! Modified! These two Phrases headlined the last phase of campaigning in the Gujarat Elections. It’s a no brainer that the biggest news headline of the week was the result of the Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh Elections and I have to address it right at the outset, else I’ll be trolled! But I’ll take that liberty – I’m not sure I have it any more though, given the ‘reasonable and unreasonable restrictions’ gathering steam – to return to it later in the column.
As I said, there were far more interesting headlines, for most of us at least– A New Year event organiser moved the Karnataka High Court to get the authorities to grant permission for their Sunny Leone New Year Event in Bengaluru in progressive Karnataka, after they had been denied permission citing security reasons. It’s not clear whose security they were concerned with – hers or the crowd’s, given the events on MG Road last year. Reports have it that all she was to do was cut a cake at the stroke of midnight, signalling the dawn of the New Year – and insecurity took the cake! One thing’s for sure, the people would have loved to bask in the sun at night on New Year’s Eve but the presence of Sunny at night sent the culture vultures into a tizzy apparently. Viewing the Sun at night – never! Unless it’s a solar eclipse! Latest media reports say, that the sun has done a self-eclipse, leaving the other stars to provide the light (and the heat), and it’s quite likely that the dawn of the New Year will be dark and cold, for Bengalureans at least.
While Bengalureans may yearn for the sun to light up their lives on New Year’s Eve, the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) has other plans. It plans to replace 4.85 lakh (working and more non-working) sodium vapour street lamps with LED’s without spending a paisa. The strategy is brilliant, but the investment will have to be made by the private company that bags the contract and the tender is still very tender! It is learnt that every month, the BBMP pays Rs 12 crores to power the street lights. The power bill with LED lights will be around Rs 6 crores. The balance Rs 6 crores in savings will be split 75:25 in favour of the investor over 10 years to enable them to recoup their investment. They will also maintain it for free saving the BBMP Rs 30 crorse annually.Who needs the sun with such brilliance?
Sorry for the detour. Back to the main headline - While the Himachal result was a foregone conclusion – they have alternated their government every five years since 1977 – Wise people they are, much like the southern state of Kerala - the election result in Gujarat was a humdinger in its early stages as evidenced by the ebb of the stock market, till the BJP pulled ahead and won the match on the basis of a slender first innings lead for a record sixth time. The Combo of Virat and Ravi are a formidable winning partnership with their attacking and emotionally appealing style of cricket irrespective of the runs on the board!
Post the hard and bitterly fought victory it seemed like a win-win situation for all – for the BJP who claimed a vindication of their economic reforms, and for the Congress who claimed victory in defeat- albeit moral - for their new president. That’s the final lesson of this election and those to come – Winning is all in the mind like many other biological functions! Nevertheless, the confusion as to whether to treat the dhokla, a Gujarati delicacy, as cake and halwa be counted as jelly and be taxed differently now stands resolved for the sweeter!
You WannaCry? If your company is dependent on software for its service delivery and management, you may HAVE actually cried earlier this year. All because of one man according to Trump. You guessed wrong. It’s not Putin, but Kim Jong Un. Earlier this year the WannaCry computer worm affected more than 230,000 computers in over 150 countries and nobody knew whom to blame, but Russia, the favourite whipping boy for all things that go wrong in the USA – We have a parallel too you know! Now however, Russia is good friend of the USA, and they don’t want to waste their trump card so the US has now declared that North Korea carried out the massive WannaCry cyber attack – based on credible evidence of course – and there is one more WMD to destroy. They say it’s probably a precursor to a missile attack - when they will shut down all American systems, before launching their missiles. Makes you wanna cry no?
There are other things happening in India that make you wanna cry! Once touted as a means to deliver governmental benefits directly to you, it has been turned on its head and is now a means for you to deliver benefits to the government! Your money and your life! And media reports say it doesn’t even stay with them! If you do, you are dammed and if you don’t, you are doomed. You are bombarded with threatening SMS’s and irritating ring tones, making you want to throw your costly iPhone against the wall – the problem is you have purchased it after producing your Aadhaar – so the government will be aware of who and why you threw it against the wall.
From Pan Cards to IT Returns, from mutual funds to bank accounts, from telephone numbers to the Urban Property Ownership Records scheme (UPOR) the Aadhaar number is a prerequisite without it being officially one and still subjudice. You are caught between a rock and a hard place – your employer refuses to grant you paid leave to stand in the queue to obtain the Aadhaar or link it, and the services that demand it just don’t want to make it easy for you to do it! The latest to jump on the bandwagon are insurance companies and your local cable TV supplier – What’s an Aadhaar no. got to do with them? Do they want to keep tabs on which news channel you watch – not that it makes much of a difference! Keep it ready for the milk booth and public sochalay next. You will need it and you will be unable to find it if you are in a hurry. What’s intriguing though, is why there is no demand for linking it to the voter ID and property transactions – Indirect benefit transfers I guess.
The Trump Administration, given its name, is very adept at card games. They play their trumps carefully and with calculation. In the ongoing card game, they have praised India as a global power in the National Security Strategy document even as they have put out indications, that they will not allow dependent spouses of H1-B visa holders to be employed on the same visa in the USA! If Melania need not then why should you, is the logic!
I wonder what the fascination is with the word ‘New’! Every time we hear our leaders speak – PM Modi in Delhi and CM Siddaramaiah in Bengaluru and in Newspaper Ads, they speak of building a new India (2022) and a New Karnataka (already being built – work is ongoing) respectively. Both claim that theirs is a government that works – There is some ambiguity as regards whom their governments work for though; And both rely, though one more than the other, on our ancient heritage for inspiration for the new version. If the heritage is so good that it provides inspiration for the deeds of tomorrow, what is the need to replace it with something new I wonder?! Seems like a conundrum to me.
Have a good weekend and a Merry Christmas!

Monday 18 December 2017

The Indo Pak tryst






It was a little late

in the afternoon,

when India woke up to see

the crescent moon,

in the courtyard of its

Rashtrapathiji….

Resplendent and sanguine

but clean shaven, and already

standing in line…

for a shake of hand

and a verbal toon

from our very own

king over the moon -

Resplendent and sanguine

bearded and waiting

at the head of the line.



Then…

As they sat down to dine,

with POK on the table

and IOK beneath,

The table topic was,

as most would expect,

neither sugary nor refined.

It certainly was

their error of terror;

and our terror of an error,

of what and  how

to peacefully enshrine.

But nothing else mattered

When from afar,

the sound,

it shattered

the ears of peace

and submerged the elation

Of a cherished dream.



It’s then, we realized,

its an apparition created

by the flash of a photographer

And a shawl for his Mother…

A gesture returned

So our step motherly relationship

Might not ferment nor sour…..



World Day Against Child Labor - June 12th 2014 – Social Protection is the key


The next time you sip your tea or glug your fruit juice at the local restaurant or a food joint, keep an eye out for those who clean your table, wash your tea cup, and mop the floor.  The next time you hire a maid, check who accompanies her and helps her wash your clothes and your vessels.  The next time you award a small contract to refurbish your house that requires carpentry, painting or masonry, watch out for those who help  out the artisans, even as your children get ready to go to school.  This is not all. There are other areas of our economy that thrive on children’s physical input – Carpet making, Gem stone industry, Cracker Industry, transportation, Agriculture and the Leisure Industry



The latest International Labor Organization estimates for the world, released in September 2013, indicate that the number of child laborers has declined by one third since 2000, from 246 million to 168 million. The number of children in hazardous work stands at 85 million, down from 171 million in 2000. Most of this advance was achieved between 2008 and 2012, when the global number fell by 47 million, from 215 to 168 million, and the number of children in hazardous work fell by 30 million, from 115 to 85 million.  Despite this progress, the 2016 target set by the international community for the elimination of the worst forms of child labor, as a priority within the global fight for the eradication of all child labor, will not be met.



In India, according to the Census 2001 figures there are 1.26 crore working children in the age group of 5-14 as compared to the total child population of 25.2 crore. There are approximately 12 lakh children working in the hazardous occupations/processes which are covered under the Child Labor (Prohibition & Regulation) Act i.e. 18 occupations and 65 processes. As per a survey conducted by National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) in 2004-05, the number of working children is estimated at 90.75 lakhs.



The root causes of child labor must be addressed if progress is to be made and social protection is a key part of the alleviation response. Social protection helps to give all children an equal opportunity to fulfill their potential and live healthy, happy and productive lives.



Obviously the primary responsibility for formulating national social protection strategies and expanding the delivery of national social security systems to cover as much of the population as possible rests with government, but workers’ and employers’ organizations and NGO’s also have a key role to play. These social partners can assist the government in integrating child labor concerns into the design, implementation and monitoring of national policies and ensure that they address child labor more effectively.



This year, World Day against Child Labor draws attention to the role of social protection in keeping children out of child labor and removing them from it. Social protection is both a human right and makes sound economic and social sense. Social protection enables access to education, health care and nutrition and plays a critical role in the fight against child labor. In 2013, at the III Global Conference on Child Labor in Brasilia, the international community adopted the Brasilia Declaration, which stresses the need for decent work for adults, free, compulsory and quality education for all children, and social protection for all.



Echoing those priorities, World Day against child labor 2014 calls for action to introduce, improve and extend social protection, in line with the ILO Recommendation No. 202 on social protection floors (basically minimum social gua, National social security systems that are sensitive to children’s needs and help fight child labor and Social protection that reaches out to especially vulnerable groups of children.



Recommendation 202 - Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection

Adoption: Geneva, 101st ILC session (14 Jun 2012)

This Recommendation provides guidance to Members to: (a) establish and maintain, as applicable, social protection floors as a fundamental element of their national social security systems; and  (b) implement social protection floors within strategies for the extension of social security that progressively ensure higher levels of social security to as many people as possible, guided by ILO social security standards. For the purpose of this Recommendation, social protection floors are nationally defined sets of basic social security guarantees which secure protection aimed at preventing or alleviating poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion.



Social protection helps keep children out of work

Poverty and socio economic shocks play a key role in driving children to work.   Poor households are more likely to have to resort to child labor to meet basic needs and deal with uncertainty. Exposure to shocks, resulting in loss of family income, can have a similar effect on household decisions. For example, economic shocks, such an adult member of the family losing his/her job, health-related shocks like a serious illness or an employment injury, and agriculture-related shocks, such as drought, flood and crop failure, can dramatically reduce household incomes and cause children to drop out of school and go to work to contribute to the family income.  Social protection aims at providing support to poor families, and assistance to help them to weather various shocks. Social protection instruments which are most helpful in combating child labor include:

·         Cash and in-kind transfer programmes that enhance income security for families and facilitate access to education and health care, conditional or not, help prevent child labor, and promote enrolling children into schools, taking children for health check-ups.  (India now has several such programmes including  the MNREGA Schemes with the facility of Direct to beneficiary schemes)

·         Public employment programmes, which provide jobs for adults to build and improve roads, schools, health centers and the like, helping to ensure that it is adults who are at work and not children. (India has its MNREGA Schemes)

·         Social health protection, which ensures access to health care and financial protection in case of sickness, and can stop households sending children to work when a member of the household falls ill. ( Several States are grappling with this issue and how to implement it)

·         Maternity benefits, that protect pregnant women and recent mothers and allow caring for new-born children, have a key impact on improving the health of mothers and children and avoid that older children have to work to replace the mothers’ lost income. (this is already in place but inadequate)

·         Social protection for people with disabilities and those who suffer from employment-related injuries or diseases, prevent households from resorting to child labor. (Workmen’s Compensation and Disability Pension are available to such citizens but it’s not enough)

·         Income security in old age, providing pensions to older people helps protect younger generations by contributing to the economic security of the household as a whole. (Old age pensions are available but inadequate)

·         Unemployment protection, which provides adults with at least partial income replacement, reduces the need to rely on the income of working children when facing job loss.  (this is something prevalent in European Countries but not implemented in India due to un-viability)



These instruments complement one another; cash benefits and services need to be well coordinated and corruption free. The Cash to beneficiary system appears to be a useful step in this direction.   There is no single social protection instrument for addressing child labor. A well-designed social security system will include a specific mix of interventions, designed to best fit the national needs.

The Indian Experience:

Child labor in India is an accepted endemic reality.  Officially and legally speaking, anyone employing a child below 14 years of age attracts a maximum jail term of three years of a fine of up to Rs 50,000. But the fact of the matter is, such laws remain only on paper, and are very weakly enforced. In February 2013, the union cabinet had given a nod to amending the existing law against child labor, in which all forms of child labor under the age of 14 years will be banned, any employment of children aged 14-18 years in hazardous work will be illegal, and child labor will become a cognizable offense. As of now, the amendment is back with the labor department owing to the parliamentary standing committee’s request to review and relook the number of provisions in it. But even if the amendment is approved and becomes law, one wonders, will the issue of child labor really end with it? 



So far, government statistics point to around 17 million child laborers in India. Unofficially, the number is believed to be closer to the 100 million mark. 



Way back in 1979, Government formed its first committee, the Gurupadswamy Committee to study the issue of child labor and to suggest measures to tackle it. The Committee examined the problem in detail and made some far-reaching recommendations. It observed that as long as poverty continued, it would be difficult to totally eliminate child labor and hence, any attempt to abolish it through legal recourse would not be a practical proposition. The Committee felt that in the circumstances, the only alternative left was to ban child labor in hazardous areas and to regulate and ameliorate the conditions of work in other areas. It recommended that a multiple policy approach was required in dealing with the problems of working children. 



Based on the recommendations of Gurupadaswamy Committee, the Child Labor (Prohibition & Regulation) Act was enacted in 1986. The Act prohibits employment of children in certain specified hazardous occupations and processes and regulates the working conditions in others.  The list of hazardous occupations and processes is progressively being expanded on the recommendation of Child Labor Technical Advisory Committee constituted under the Act.



In consonance with the above approach, a National Policy on Child Labor was formulated in 1987. The Policy seeks to adopt a gradual & sequential approach with a focus on rehabilitation of children working in hazardous occupations & processes in the first instance. The Action Plan outlined in the Policy for tackling this problem is as follows:

  

  • Legislative Action Plan for strict enforcement of Child Labor Act and other labor laws to ensure that children are not employed in hazardous employments, and that the working conditions of children working in non-hazardous areas are regulated in accordance with the provisions of the Child Labor Act. It also entails further identification of additional occupations and processes, which are detrimental to the health and safety of the children.
  • Focusing of General Developmental Programmes for Benefiting Child Labor - As poverty is the root cause of child labor, the action plan emphasizes the need to cover these children and their families also under various poverty alleviation and employment generation schemes of the Government.
  • Project Based Plan of Action envisages starting of projects in areas of high concentration of child labor. Pursuant to this, in 1988, the National Child Labor Project (NCLP) Scheme was launched in 9 districts of high child labor endemicity in the country. The Scheme envisages running of special schools for child labor withdrawn from work. In the special schools, these children are provided formal/non-formal education along with vocational training, a stipend of Rs.150 per month, supplementary nutrition and regular health checkups so as to prepare them to join regular mainstream schools. Under the Scheme, funds are given to the District Collectors for running special schools for child labor. Most of these schools are run by the NGOs in the district.



ü  This is the major Central Sector Scheme for the rehabilitation of child labor.

ü  The Scheme seeks to adopt a sequential approach with focus on rehabilitation of children working in hazardous occupations & processes in the first instance.

ü  Under the Scheme, survey of child labor engaged in hazardous occupations & processes has been conducted.

ü  The identified children are to be withdrawn from these occupations & processes and then put into special schools in order to enable them to be mainstreamed into formal schooling system.

ü  Project Societies at the district level are fully funded for opening up of special schools/Rehabilitation Centers for the rehabilitation of child labor.

ü  The special schools/Rehabilitation Centers provide:

1.          Non-formal/bridge education

2.          Skilled/vocational training

3.          Mid Day Meal

4.          Stipend @ Rs.150/- per child per month.

5.          Health care facilities through a doctor appointed for a group of 20 schools.



The project societies are required to conduct survey to identify children working in hazardous occupations and processes. These children will then form the target group for the project society. Of the children identified those in the age group 5-8 years will have to be mainstreamed directly to formal educational system through the SSA. Working children in the age group of 9- 14 years will have to be rehabilitated through NCLP schools established by the Project Society.



The Right to Education:

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE), is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21a of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010.



The Act makes education a fundamental right of every child between the ages of 6 and 14 and specifies minimum norms in elementary schools. It requires all private schools to reserve 25% of seats to children (to be reimbursed by the state as part of the public-private partnership plan). Kids are admitted in to private schools based on caste based reservations.  It also prohibits all unrecognized schools from practice, and makes provisions for no donation or capitation fees and no interview of the child or parent for admission. The Act also provides that no child shall be held back, expelled, or required to pass a board examination until the completion of elementary education. There is also a provision for special training of school drop-outs to bring them up to par with students of the same age.



The RTE act requires surveys that will monitor all neighborhoods, identify children requiring education, and set up facilities for providing it. The World Bank education specialist for India, Sam Carlson, has observed: “The RTE Act is the first legislation in the world that puts the responsibility of ensuring enrolment, attendance and completion on the Government. It is the parents' responsibility to send the children to schools in the US and other countries.



The Right to Education of persons with disabilities until 18 years of age is laid down under a separate legislation- the Persons with Disabilities Act. A number of other provisions regarding improvement of school infrastructure, teacher-student ratio and faculty are made in the Act.



Although the objectives are noble and the effect it will have on child labor immense, states are grappling with its implementation. The Act was challenged by minority institutions in the Supreme Court and on May 7th 2014, the Supreme Court in a landmark judgment exempted Minority Institutions form the operation of the act.



Conclusion:

The problem of child labor is essentially born out of a number of fundamental issues related to poverty.  Social Protection floors combined with the right to education will make a difference, but it is a long haul. India’s approach is right, but if effort in all its dimensions - motivation, awareness, enforcement and social protection is not adopted, it will fail. At the top of the value chain is the complete elimination of poverty.

We are moving in the right direction but progress is still too slow. If we are serious about ending the scourge of child labor in the foreseeable future, we need a substantial stepping-up of efforts at all levels. There are 168 million good reasons to do so." Guy Ryder, ILO Director-General





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Happily ever After


Last year my son came up to me, out of the blue, when his mother was not around and told me Dad I am getting married... I looked at him in awe. He was 25. I was 26 when I got married.

Before I could say, you're mad or awesome - I didn’t say it - so I don’t know which word I'd have chosen, the Statement was followed by a question, Dad will I be happy?  He had a sheepish look on his face.   

He knew, much like an umpire in a one day match, on the fifth ball in the final over, with one ball, one wicket and one run to go, he had already made his lbw decision - the finger was up, but he was still unsure if the ball would have hit the stumps or not!  Don’t worry I told him. You've already made a decision, and batsman is out and the match is over. In a way that's good, coz you may never raise your finger, much less your hand again!

Contest master, fellow toastmasters and my dear friends, in that moment I felt pity for him and for myself – I knew that if I googled it, and I’m sure he had already tried, he would not have found the answer.  So I did what I did best – beat around the bush. 

I looked him up and down, and with gentle voice I said Baba, you have more experience of pain than I had at your age and that’s a good thing - You've already pierced your ear, and you've already bought jewellery for your ear – So you’ve already experienced marriage in a way. That’s a huge step forward. But as to whether you'll be happy... I'll give you an answer, if you tell me why you chose to ask me this question in your mother's absence! 

Again he looked at me strangely.  I anticipated that you would ask me many questions, but not that one Dad, he said. I don’t really know what he meant but I guess he hinted that I already knew the answer.

Now answer my question, he raised his voice, which he rarely did. Obviously he was getting agitated.  I wanted him to figure out the answer himself so I asked him a counter question – Why do husbands die before their wives? I asked him… I don’t know he said. I then had to answer my own question – They want to!.  Bemused he said, Dad, that’s no answer.

So I was not going to get out of this trap easily – reminded me of when my wife told me to explain about the birds and the bees to him.  I found it easier to answer his questions then – all I had to say was if you have experienced the sting of a bee and heard the bird sing at the same time you’ve experienced it all my son.  But this question was oh so difficult!  It was in the realm of a google interview question no less. 

So I tried a different tack. My son was a voracious reader, but not recently. Recently he had fallen in love and had no need for his childhood fairy tales! He was in a real one! So I asked him, you used to love fairy tales and you use to believe in those fairy princesses, with long black hair, lovely moon like eyes, and lips like ripe red cherries! And tall dark handsome princes with rippling biceps and immense fighting skills... Have you stopped believing? Did she lose her sandals or did you look in the mirror this morning? Why the doubt?   He didn’t bat an eyelid. He asked me a counter question – They are fairy tales no? Not love stories – you know how those end…

You’re a pessimist I said, getting irritated. Not like that Dad, he said. I've seen the way you and mum are the happiest couple around (He didn’t say around me!) and I wonder if I can match that. You all don’t argue at all. That’s the doubt!

 Oh, I loved the compliment. I thought I needed to butt in and clarify the situation. Of course we are happy and argument is important, and I do argue with her often, to ensure our marriage stays healthy,. But I do that only when she’s not around!

I thought it best to end this complicated conversation as soon the red flag would enter the room!  With that thought at the back of my mind I told him a secret! There are 2 times when a man doesn't understand a woman - before marriage and after marriage so don’t try both times and you have a fighting chance of staying happy. But one bit of advice, don’t get married to stay happy yourself, get married to make her happy, and you’ll never have this doubt again!

No Testing, No Tasting, Easy Peasy!



My favourite alcohol bottle has a label – It reads peter scot and tells the world that its alcohol content is 47.5%. Peter to my mind is distinguished, Scottish sounding and smooth and doesn’t leave a hangover. It’s true I don’t have one this morning but that is because I didn’t visit Peter last night!

 My neighbour’s house is called Prem Vihar – It’s on the pillar.  To my mind the couple inside built this house with their hard earned money brick by brick and they are very loving couple. I’d seen them so too. But not anymore. They are separated. The house is still called Prem Vihar.

I have a pair of shoes that have a black panther drawn across them and are empossed Puma. I did not wear them today as you may get the impression – that I am quick on the sports field.  In actual fact the only animal I can beat in a running race is a tortoise!

Now a days everything has a label. Just visit the supermarket and you will get an idea of the number of labels in existence - Low fat, high fat, Clean active and so on. The label tells you at a glance what to expect of its contents, or if doesn’t, you associate characteristics with the label, based on past experience in your head so that you can make instant decisions rightly or wrongly. The label also plays a big part in adding to the cost or subtracting from it.

But it’s not only inanimate objects that have a label.  Human labels are a plenty. Bully, Dumbo, Fatso, nerd, sicko, psycho, miser, athlete, beauty, bomb, sexy.. even Religious and Racial labels – Hindu, Muslim Christian, White black, Chinky. All Labels – Have you not been labelled – maybe in school, in college at the work place and even in the family – If you do things a particular way always and with attention to detail,  your family labels you an ocd.

So whats wrong with labelling? First lets get whats right. It helps you categorise things and people alike.  Like the books in your school bag – so that you can pull out the Maths notes book in an instant when the teacher says so and the Maths text book when she says so!

 So that you can make instant judgements. Let’s say you want to get your son or daughter married and you are out looking for a spouse.  You decide what’s good for him or her based on the label. If you are a Christian – then any other religious label may not do because of differences in perception, culture and attitude to spousal duties? Pre conceived yes, Judgemental yes, but easy isn’t it?

No tasting, no testing, no work involved just decision making.  Easy Peasy

Secondly if the labels are positive – studious, early bloomers, excellent with numbers, good cricket potential, if the labels are repeatedly sounded, in the presence of the labelled, then it sinks into them and they tend to become what they are naturally not perhaps. So its good. This was seen in an experiment by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson – They have a long term positive effect.

It would be impossible to catalogue the information we process during our lives without the aid of labels like "friendly," "deceitful," "tasty," and "harmful." But it's important to recognize that the people we label as "black," "white," "rich," poor," smart," and "simple," seem blacker, whiter, richer, poorer, smarter, and simpler merely because we've labeled them so.

Is it simpler to put ourselves and others into boxes of predetermined ideas? Is it easier to think we really know ourselves and others than to actually know them, genuinely and intimately? It seems for most of us that it is. But really, it is not.

How many times have you been labeled –‘slow’, ‘fat’, ‘bad’, ‘selfish’, ‘lazy’, ‘incompetent’? How has it felt? How has it held you back, kept you down? Have those labels – and countless more – made you feel unworthy, insignificant, ashamed, disregarded, suspect? Have they made you feel restricted, inauthentic, imprisoned?

I was a fatty when I was in School and more often than not, though I was pretty good at certain sports like TT Badminton and cricket I was left out of most teams as the captains felt by the look of me that I would not be able to deliver. Judgements were made, and decisions were arrived at on the spot. No testing no Tasting – Easy Peasy. But they affected me!

Can you tell a man or woman’s belief system from the way they look or the colour of their skin. These categories no basis in biology because all blood is red but they nonetheless go on to determine the social, political, and economic wellbeing of their members.

As Ronit Baras puts it, we can all too easily get "trapped by labels". Most troubling, these labels can follow us throughout our lives, long after the label has been lifted.

It’s not only that others label us. We label ourselves Are you a successful career woman, a super mom, a loser, an ugly person, a sex bomb, a “fatty”, a good-for-nothing? We put ourselves in boxes trying to define who we are. We do it to others, and we do it to ourselves. Whether positive or negative, what we whisper to ourselves every day has a great influence on our self-concept, and dictates the direction of our thoughts and actions. More so than the labels attached to us by society. We are what we think we are.

Life is complex and labelling makes things easy.  So my advice to you is label, but label positively.  Yourself and others though labelling others is best avoided – especially children. You live up to the labels you attach to yourself. If you think you’re a winner, even if you’re not, you will act and think like a winner – until you eventually become one. People who like themselves are generally kinder and have a positive outlook. Those who think of themselves kindly are happier.  So  when you look in the mirror next label yourself,  Achiever, Beautiful, Generous, Giving, Compassionate, Friendly, Capable, Intelligent, Smart, etc and youll be a winner.

No testing, No tasting, Easy Peasy.